url:: https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Grammar/Pali-Word-Endings.htm Parent:: [[Pali Grammar]] Related:: [[簡易巴利語經文解讀自學#II.巴利語語尾變化表：(明法比丘提供2000/9/14)]] # Pāḷi Word Endings *(Source: [ancient-buddhist-texts.net](https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Grammar/Pali-Word-Endings.htm))* (based on the Pali Dictionary by Kogen Mizuno, p. 376-384 and compiled by the Pali Yahoo Group) *<em style="color: red">ā̆, ī̆, ū</em> means the vowel can be either long or short in scansion.* <table style="border: 2px lightgray solid; max-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <td> <p><em>-a</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <br>  buddh<em>a</em> (O Buddha)<br>  phal<em>a</em> (O fruit)<br>  rāj<em>a</em> (O king)<br>  brahm<em>a</em> (O Brahma)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr> <br>  kamm<em>a</em> (a karma, a deed)<br>  nām<em>a</em> (a name, emphatic)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <br>  addas<em>a</em> (I/you/he saw)<br>  alatth<em>a</em> (I/you/he received)<br>  avoc<em>a</em> (I/you/he said)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <br>  labh<em>a</em> (you receive!)<br>  suṇ<em>a</em> (you hear!)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-aṁ</em> (<em>-iṁ</em>,<em> -uṁ</em>, <em>-ṁ</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  buddh<em>aṁ</em> (the Buddha)<br>  phal<em>aṁ</em> (the fruit)<br>  gāth<em>aṁ</em> (the verse)<br>  rāj<em>aṁ</em> (the king)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <br>  phal<em>aṁ</em> (the fruit)<br>  kamm<em>aṁ</em> (a karma, a deed)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <br>  ajjhag<em>aṁ</em> (I reached)<br>  alatth<em>aṁ</em> (I received)<br>  avoc<em>aṁ</em> (I said)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ato</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see to</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-attha</em> (<em>-ttha</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr> <br>  ak<em>attha</em> (you made)<br>  ad<em>attha</em> (you gave)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr> <br>  ad<em>attha</em> (he gave)<br>  sūy<em>attha</em> (he heard)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-anā, -ani</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -nā, ni</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-anīya</em> (<em>-nīya</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="gerund stem">grd. stem.</abbr> <br>  kar<em>aṇīya</em> (must work)<br>  gam<em>anīya</em> (must go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-amha</em> <em>-amhase</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  ak<em>amha</em>, akar<em>amha</em> (we made)<br>  ag<em>amha</em>, agam<em>amha</em> (we went)<br>  alatth<em>amha</em> (we received)<br>  akar<em>ā̆mhase</em>, ahu<em>mhase</em> (we were)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-amhā,-amhi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -mhā, -mhi</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-aya-</em> (<em>=</em> <em>-e-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="causative stem">caus. stem.</abbr> <br>  kār<em>aya-</em> (let do)<br>  gā̆m<em>aya-</em> (let go)<br>  bhāv<em>aya-</em> (let be, practice)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="denominative stem">denom. stem.</abbr> <br>  kām<em>aya-</em> (to desire)<br>  ghāt<em>aya-</em> (to kill)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ā̆raṁ, -ā̆ra, -arānaṁ, -aresu, arehi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -raṁ, -rā, -ānaṁ, -su, -hi 1.</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-aro</em>, <em>-ar</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr> <br>  pit<em>aro</em> (the/O fathers)<br>  māt<em>aro</em> (the/O mothers)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-asā, -aso</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -sā, -so</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-asmā, -asmiṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -smā, -smiṁ</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-assa, -assaṁ, -assā</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ssa, -ssaṁ, -ssā</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ā</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr> <br>  buddh<em>ā</em> (from the Buddha)<br>  rūp<em>ā</em> (from form)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <br>  buddh<em>ā</em> (the/O Buddhas)<br>  rāj<em>ā</em> (the/O kings)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <br>  kaññ<em>ā</em> (the girl)<br>  gāth<em>ā</em> (the verse)<br>  s<em>ā</em> (she)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr> <br>  kaññ<em>ā</em> (the/O girls)<br>  gāth<em>ā</em> (the/O verse)<br>  t<em>ā</em> (they/them)</p> <p>5. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <br>  rāj<em>ā</em> (the king)<br>  bhagav<em>ā</em> (the blessed one, the fortunate one)<br>  āyasm<em>ā</em> (the venerable)<br>  arah<em>ā</em> (the worthy one)<br>  satth<em>ā</em> (the teacher)<br>  pit<em>ā</em> (the father)<br>  māt<em>ā</em> (the mother)</p> <p>6. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <br>  ak<em>ā</em>, akar<em>ā</em> (you/he made)<br>  ag<em>ā</em>, agam<em>ā</em> (you/he went)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āna</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr> <br>  buddh<em>āna</em> (to the/of the Buddhas)<br>  ariya-sacc<em>āna</em> (to the/of the noble truths)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="present participle stem">ppr. stem.</abbr><br>  kar<em>āna</em>, kubb<em>āna</em> (making)<br>  es<em>āna</em> (yearning)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ānaṁ</em> (<em>-īnaṁ</em>, <em>-ūnaṁ</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr> <br>  buddh<em>ānaṁ</em> (to the/of the Buddhas)<br>  phal<em>ānaṁ</em> (to the/of the fruits)<br>  gāth<em>ānaṁ</em> (to the/of the verses)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr> <br>  rāj<em>ānaṁ</em> (the king) <br>  att<em>ānaṁ</em> (the self)<br>  brahm<em>ānaṁ</em> (Brahma)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āni</em> (<em>-īni</em>,<em> -ūni</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr> <br>  phal<em>āni</em> (the/O fruits)<br>  rūp<em>āni</em> (the/O forms)<br>  akkh<em>īni</em> (the/O eyes)<br>  āy<em>ūni</em> (the/O ages)<br>  t<em>īni</em> (the/O three)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āpaya-</em> (<em>-āpe-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="causative stem">caus. stem.</abbr> <br>  kār<em>āpaya-</em>, kār<em>āpe-</em> (let do)<br>  gam<em>āpe-</em> (let go)<br>  mār<em>āpe-</em> (let kill)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āya</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr> <br>  kaññ<em>āya</em> (from the girl, etc.)<br>  gāth<em>āya</em> (by/from the verse, of the verse, in the verse)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āya-</em> (<em>-e-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="denominative stem">denom. stem.</abbr> <br>  piy<em>āya-</em> (to love)<br>  sadd<em>āya-</em> (to call)<br>  sukh<em>āya-</em> (to enjoy)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āyaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr> <br>  kaññ<em>āyaṁ</em> (at/near the girl)<br>  gāth<em>āyaṁ</em> (in the verse)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āyo</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr> <br>  kaññ<em>āyo</em> (the/O girl)<br>  gāth<em>āyo</em> (the/O verse)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-āvin</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="past participle stem"><abbr title="present participle stem">pp. stem.</abbr></abbr><br> kat<em>āvin</em> (the one who has already done)<br>  sut<em>āvin</em> (the one who has already heard)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-āsaṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see assaṁ</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-āsu, -āhi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -su, -hi</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-i</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. (-i)<br> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr><br>  agg<em>i</em> (the/O fire)<br>  akkh<em>i</em> (the/O eye)<br>  jāt<em>i</em> (the/O birth)</p> <p>2. (-ti, -ni, -ri, -si, -yi)<br> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  guṇavat<em>i</em> (at/near the virtuous)<br>  bhagavat<em>i</em> (at/near the fortunate one)<br>  kamman<em>i</em> (in a karma, in a deed)<br>  hatthin<em>i</em> (at/near the elephant)<br>  manas<em>i</em> (in the spirit)<br>  pitar<em>i</em> (at/near the father)<br>  may<em>i</em> (at/near me)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <br>  labh<em>i</em> (I/you/he received)<br>  ās<em>i</em> (I was, you were, he was)<br>  aggah<em>i</em> (I/you/he kept)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-iṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>1. see -ṁ</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-iṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p>2. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <br>  labh<em>iṁ</em>, alabh<em>iṁ</em> (I received)<br>  ās<em>iṁ</em> (I was)<br>  gaṇh<em>iṁ</em>, aggah<em>iṁ</em> (I kept)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-iṁsu</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  kar<em>iṁsu</em> (they made)<br>  ās<em>iṁsu</em> (they were)<br>  gaṇh<em>iṁsu</em> (they kept)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ito</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -to</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ittha</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr> <br>  ās<em>ittha</em> (you were)<br>  gaṇh<em>ittha</em> (you kept)<br>  pasāray<em>ittha</em> (you stretched out)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  pucch<em>ittha</em> (you asked)<br>  alabh<em>ittha</em> (you received)<br>  pasāray<em>ittha</em> (you stretched out)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ittho</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr> <br>  pucch<em>ittho</em> (you asked)<br>  amaññ<em>ittho</em> (you thought)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-in</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="suffix">suf.</abbr> <br>  hatth<em>in</em> (having a hand, elephant)<br>  vād<em>in</em> (speaker, one who belongs to a school)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ima</em>, <em>-imhā̆</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr> <br>  labh<em>ima</em>, labh<em>imhā</em> (we received)<br>  ās<em>imha</em> (we were)<br>  upasaṅkam<em>imha</em> (we approached)<br>  sakk<em>imha</em> (we are able)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-imhā, -imhi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -mhā, -mhi</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ī̆ya-</em> (<em>-iyya-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="passive stem">pass. stem.</abbr> <br>  kar<em>ī̆ya-</em>, kar<em>iyya-</em> (be made)<br>  pucch<em>ī̆ya</em> (be asked)<br>  pos<em>iya</em> (be nourished)<br>  mār<em>iya</em> (be killed)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="denominative stem">denom. stem.</abbr><br>  aṭṭ<em>ī̆ya</em> (to worry)<br>  samādh<em>ī̆ya</em> (to meditate)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-iyaṁ, -iyā</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -yaṁ, -yā</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-isaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <br>  icch<em>isaṁ</em> (I wish)<br>  agacch<em>isaṁ</em> (I went)<br>  dakkh<em>isaṁ</em> (I saw)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-isuṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <br>  acā̆r<em>isuṁ</em> (they made)<br>  abhuñj<em>isuṁ</em> (they ate)<br>  pucch<em>isuṁ</em> (they asked)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ismā, -ismiṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -smā, -smiṁ</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-issa-</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="future stem">fut. stem.</abbr><br>  kar<em>issa-</em> (will do)<br>  gam<em>issa-</em> (will go)<br>  labh<em>issa-</em> (will receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-issaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  agam<em>issaṁ</em> (I went)<br>  apucch<em>issaṁ</em> (I asked)<br>  sakkh<em>issaṁ</em> (I am able)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  kar<em>issaṁ</em> (I will do)<br>  bhav<em>issaṁ</em> (I will be)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="conditional">cond.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  abhav<em>issaṁ</em> (if I were)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ī</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr><br>  nad<em>ī</em> (the river)<br>  dev<em>ī</em> (the goddess)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  nad<em>ī</em> (the/O rivers)<br>  dev<em>ī</em> (the/O goddesses)</p> <p>3. (-in) <br> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr><br>  hatth<em>ī</em> (the elephant)<br>  pakkh<em>ī</em> (the bird)<br>  vād<em>ī</em> (a representative of a school)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr><br>  agam<em>ī</em> (you went)<br>  gil<em>ī</em> (you swallowed)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-īnaṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ānaṁ</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-īya-</em> (<em>-iya-</em>, <em>-iyya-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="passive stem">pass. stem.</abbr><br>  gaṇh<em>īya-</em> (be taken)<br>  c<em>īya-</em> (be accumulated)<br>  p<em>īya-</em> (be drunk)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="denominative stem">denom. stem.</abbr><br>  putt<em>īya-</em> (to love as a child)<br>  bal<em>īya-</em> (to strengthen)<br>  hir<em>ī̆ya</em>- (to feel ashamed)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-īsu, -īhi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -su, -hi</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-u</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr><br>  bhikkh<em>u</em> (the/O monk)<br>  cakkh<em>u</em> (the/O eye)<br>  dhen<em>u</em> (the/O cow)</p> <p>2. (-ar)<br> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  satth<em>u</em> (to the teacher, of the teacher)<br>  pit<em>u</em> (to the father, of the father)<br>  māt<em>u</em> (to the mother, of the mother)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  ah<em>u</em> (you were, he was)<br>  ass<em>u</em> (you/he heard)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-uṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  bhikkh<em>uṁ</em> (the monk)<br>  cakkh<em>uṁ</em> (the eye)<br>  dhen<em>uṁ</em> (the cow)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <br>  cakkh<em>uṁ</em> (the eye)<br>  ass<em>uṁ</em> (the tear)<br>  āy<em>uṁ</em> (the age)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <br>  akar<em>uṁ</em> (they made)<br>  ag<em>uṁ</em>, gacch<em>uṁ</em> (they went)<br>  avoc<em>uṁ</em>, avac<em>uṁ</em> (they said)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i> unā, uno, umhā, umhi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -nā, -no, -mhā, -mhi</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-uyaṁ, -uyā, -uyo</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -yaṁ, -yā, -yo</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-usaṁ, -usā, -usmā, -usmiṁ, -ussa</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -saṁ, -sā, -smā, -smiṁ, -ssa</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ū</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr><br>  abhibh<em>ū</em> (the conqueror)<br>  pārag<em>ū</em> (he who reached the other shore)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  bhikkh<em>ū</em> (the/O monks)<br>  pārag<em>ū</em> (they who reached the other shore, etc.)<br>  dhen<em>ū</em> (the/O cows)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  ah<em>ū</em> (you were, he was)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  ah<em>ū</em> (they were)<br>  ag<em>ū</em> (they went)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ūnaṁ, -ūni</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ānaṁ, -āni</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ūbhi, -ūhi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -bhi, -hi 1.</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-e</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  buddh<em>e</em> (at/near the Buddha)<br>  phal<em>e</em> (in the fruit)<br>  raññ<em>e</em> (at/near the king)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  buddh<em>e</em> (the Buddhas)<br>  dhamm<em>e</em> (the dharmas)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr><br>  kaññ<em>e</em> (O girl)<br>  gāth<em>e</em> (O verse)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="pronoun">pron.</abbr> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  t<em>e</em> (they, them)<br>  sabb<em>e</em> (all)</p> <p>5. <abbr title="present tense">pr.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr> <br>  kubb<em>e</em> (I do)<br>  labh<em>e</em> (I receive)</p> <p>6. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubb<em>e</em> (I should do)<br>  labh<em>e</em> (I should receive)</p> <p>7. <abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  kubb<em>e</em>, kar<em>e</em> (he wants to do)<br>  labh<em>e</em> (he wants to receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-e-</em> (<em>-aya-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="causative stem">caus. stem.</abbr><br>  kār<em>e-</em> (let do)<br>  gāh<em>e</em>, gaṇh<em>e-</em> (let take)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="denominative stem">denom. stem.</abbr><br>  kām<em>e-</em> (to desire)<br>  gaṇ<em>e-</em> (to count)<br>  ghāt<em>e-</em> (to kill)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-etha</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubb<em>etha</em> (he wants to do)<br>  rakkh<em>etha</em> (he wants to protect)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-etho</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubb<em>etho</em> (you should do)<br>  cf. āgacch<em>eyyātho</em> (you should go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ena</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr><br>  buddh<em>ena</em> (by the Buddha)<br>  phal<em>ena</em> (by the fruit)<br>  k<em>ena</em> (by what)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ema</em>,<em> -emu</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  dakkh<em>ema</em> (we should see)<br>  jān<em>emu</em> (we should know)<br>  suṇ<em>emu</em> (we should hear)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-eyya</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="gerund stem">grd. stem.</abbr><br>  labh<em>eyya</em>, laddh<em>eyya</em> (must receive)<br>  bhav<em>eyya</em> (must be)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  kar<em>eyya</em>, kubb<em>eyya</em> (he should do)<br>  d<em>eyya</em>, dad<em>eyya</em> (he should give)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-eyyaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  kar<em>eyyaṁ</em> (I should do)<br>  dad<em>eyyaṁ</em> (I should give)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-eyyāma</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  kar<em>eyyāma</em> (we should do)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-eyyāsi</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr><br>  kar<em>eyyāsi</em> (you should do)<br>  āhar<em>eyyāsi</em> (you should receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-eraṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubb<em>eraṁ</em> (they should do)<br>  gacch<em>eraṁ</em> (they should go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-esaṁ</em> (<em>-āsaṁ</em> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="pronoun">pron.</abbr> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  t<em>esaṁ</em> (them, their)<br>  sabb<em>esaṁ</em> (to all, of all)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-esānaṁ</em> (<em>-āsānaṁ</em> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="pronoun">pron.</abbr> <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  t<em>esānaṁ</em> (them, their)<br>  sabb<em>esānaṁ</em> (all, of all)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-esu (<abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr>), -ehi (<abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr>)</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -su, -hi 1.</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-o</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr><br>  buddh<em>o</em> (the Buddha)<br>  dhamm<em>o</em> (the/a dharma)<br>  s<em>o</em> (he)<br>  sabb<em>o</em> (all)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  man<em>o</em> (the/O mind)<br>  vac<em>o</em> (the/O word)<br>  pitar<em>o</em> (the/O father)<br>  mātar<em>o</em> (the/O mother)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ṁ</em> (<em>-aṁ</em>, <em>-iṁ</em>,<em> -uṁ</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>ṁ</em> (the Buddha)<br>  akkhi<em>ṁ</em> (the eye)<br>  nadi<em>ṁ</em> (the river)<br>  bhikkhu<em>ṁ</em> (the monk)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr><br>  phala<em>ṁ</em> (the fruit)<br>  kamma<em>ṁ</em> (a karma, a deed)<br>  akkhi<em>ṁ</em> (the eye)<br>  assu<em>ṁ</em> (the tear)</p> <p>3. -at <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr><br>  araha<em>ṁ</em> (the worthy one)<br>  bhava<em>ṁ</em> (the revered teacher)<br>  gaccha<em>ṁ</em> (going, he who is going)<br>  passa<em>ṁ</em> (seeing, he who is seeing)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  <em>a</em>ka<em>ṁ</em>, <em>a</em>kara<em>ṁ</em> (I made)<br>  <em>a</em>ga<em>ṁ</em>, <em>a</em>gama<em>ṁ</em> (I went)</p> <p>5. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  kassa<em>ṁ</em>, karissa<em>ṁ</em> (I will do)<br>  bhavissa<em>ṁ</em>, hessa<em>ṁ</em> (I will be)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-cca</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -tya</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ta</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="present participle stem">pp. stem.</abbr><br>  ka<em>ta</em> (made)<br>  ga<em>ta</em> (gone)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-taṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  araha<em>taṁ</em> (the worthy ones, of the worthy ones)<br>  guṇava<em>taṁ</em> (the virtuous, of the virtuous)<br>  gaccha<em>taṁ</em> (him/of him who is going)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>taṁ</em> (he should do)<br>  labha<em>taṁ</em> (he should receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tabba</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="gerund stem">grd. stem.</abbr><br>  ka<em>ttabba</em>, kā<em>tabba</em> (must work)<br>  gan<em>tabba</em>, gami<em>tabba</em> (must go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tave</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="infinitive">infin.</abbr><br>  kā<em>tave</em> (must do)<br>  gan<em>tave</em> (must go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tā</em> (<em>-ā</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  bhagava<em>tā</em> (by/from the fortunate one)<br>  araha<em>tā</em> (by/from the worthy one)<br>  gaccha<em>tā</em> (by/from him who is going)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tāya</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="gerund stem">grd. stem.</abbr><br>  lajji<em>tāya</em> (must be ashamed)<br>  daṭṭh<em>āya</em> (must be seen)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ti</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  bhagava<em>ti</em> (at/near the fortunate one)<br>  araha<em>ti</em> (at/near the worthy one)<br>  guṇava<em>ti</em> (at/near the virtuous one)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  karo<em>ti</em> (he does)<br>  gaccha<em>ti</em> (he goes)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>ti</em> (he will do)<br>  gamissa<em>ti</em>, gacchissa<em>ti</em> (he will go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tu</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  karo<em>tu</em> (he should do)<br>  gaccha<em>tu</em> (he should go)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="infinitive">infin.</abbr><br>  kat<em>tu</em> (do)<br>  gan<em>tu</em> (go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tuṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="infinitive">infin.</abbr><br>  kā<em>tuṁ</em>, kat<em>tuṁ</em> (do)<br>  bhavi<em>tuṁ</em>, ho<em>tuṁ</em> (be)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tuye</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="infinitive">infin.</abbr><br>  kā<em>tuye</em> (do)<br>  he<em>tuye</em> (be)<br>  mari<em>tuye</em> (die)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tūna</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="gerund">ger.</abbr><br>  kā<em>tūna</em>, kat<em>tūna</em> (making)<br>  gan<em>tūna</em> (going)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-te</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>te</em>, kubba<em>te</em> (he does)<br>  labha<em>te</em> (he receives)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>te</em> (he will do)<br>  labhissa<em>te</em> (he will receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-to</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>to</em> (from the Buddha)<br>  phala<em>to</em> (from the fruit)<br>  kañña<em>to</em> (from the girl)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  bhagava<em>to</em> (to the/of the fortunate one)<br>  araha<em>to</em> (to the/of the worthy one)<br>  gaccha<em>to</em> (to him/of him who is going)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tthaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  alabhi<em>tthaṁ</em> (I received)<br>  asayi<em>tthaṁ</em> (I lay)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tya</em> (<em>-cca</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="gerund">ger.</abbr><br>  ka<em>cca</em> (making)<br>  paṭi<em>cca</em> (on account of, because of, concerning)<br>  vivi<em>cca</em> (separating oneself from, aloof from)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tvā</em>,<em> -tvāna</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="gerund">ger.</abbr><br>  ka<em>tvā</em>, ka<em>tvāna</em> (making)<br>  gan<em>tvā</em>, gami<em>tvā</em>, gan<em>tvāna</em> (going)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-tha</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr><br>  karo<em>tha</em> (it does)<br>  gaccha<em>tha</em> (you go)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>tha</em> (you will do)<br>  gamissa<em>tha</em> (you will go)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr><br>  karo<em>tha</em> (you do!)<br>  gaccha<em>tha</em> (you go!)</p> <p>4. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr><br>  ada<em>tha</em> (you gave)<br>  addasa<em>tha</em> (you saw)</p> <p>5. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  apuccha<em>tha</em> (he asked)<br>  abhāsa<em>tha</em> (he recited)<br>  avoca<em>tha</em> (he said)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-na</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="present participle stem">pp. stem.</abbr><br>  din<em>na</em> (given)<br>  khī<em>ṇa</em> (consumed)<br>  hī<em>na</em> (discarded, inferior)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-nā</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  aggi<em>nā</em> (through the fire, from the fire)<br>  bhikkhu<em>nā</em> (by the monk)<br>  brahma<em>nā</em>, brahmu<em>nā</em> (of the Brahma)<br>  kamma<em>nā</em>, kammu<em>nā</em> (by karma)<br>  satthu<em>nā</em> (by the teacher, from the teacher)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ni</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>1. see -āni</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ni</em></p> </td> <td> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  rāji<em>ni</em> (at/near the king)<br>  kamma<em>ni</em> (in karma)<br>  hatthi<em>ni</em> (at/near the elephant)<br>  āyu<em>ni</em> (in the age)<br>  cakkhu<em>ni</em> (in the eye)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-nīya</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -anīya</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-no</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  aggi<em>no</em> (to the/of the fire)<br>  bhikkhu<em>no</em> (to the/of the monk)<br>  atta<em>no</em> (to the/of the self)<br>  brahma<em>no</em>, brahmu<em>no</em> (to/of Brahma)<br>  kammu<em>no</em> (to/of karma)<br>  satthu<em>no</em> (to the/of the teacher)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  sakhā<em>no</em> (the/O friends)<br>  sakhi<em>no</em> (the/O friends)<br>  attā<em>no</em> (self)<br>  rājā<em>no</em> (the/O kings)<br>  hatthi<em>no</em> (the/O elephants)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-nta</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="present participle stem">ppr. stem.</abbr><br>  karo<em>nta</em> (making)<br>  gaccha<em>nta</em> (going)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ntaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubba<em>ntaṁ</em> (they should do)<br>  labha<em>ntaṁ</em> (they should receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ntā</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr><br>  araha<em>ntā</em> (the/O worthy ones)<br>  guṇava<em>ntā</em> (the virtuous, O virtuous ones)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ntāni</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  guṇava<em>ntāni</em> (the/O virtues)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-nti</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  karo<em>nti</em> (they do)<br>  gaccha<em>nti</em> (they go)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>nti</em> (they will do)<br>  gamissa<em>nti</em> (they will go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ntu</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  karo<em>ntu</em> (they should do)<br>  gaccha<em>ntu</em> (they should go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-nte</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  araha<em>nte</em> (the worthy ones)<br>  guṇava<em>nte</em> (the virtuous ones)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubba<em>nte</em> (they do)<br>  labha<em>nte</em> (they receive)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>nte</em> (they will do)<br>  labhissa<em>nte</em> (they will receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-nto</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="nominative">nom.</abbr> <abbr title="vocative">voc.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  araha<em>nto</em> (the/O worthy ones)<br>  guṇava<em>nto</em> (the virtuous ones, O virtuous ones)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-pe-</em> (<em>-paya-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="causative stem">caus. stem.</abbr><br>  kārā<em>pe-</em>, kārā<em>paya-</em> (let do)<br>  gamā<em>pe-</em>, <em>-paya-</em> (let go) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-bhi</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  buddhe<em>bhi</em> (by the Buddha, from the Buddha)<br>  gāthā<em>bhi</em> (through the verses, of the verses)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ma</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  karo<em>ma</em> (we do)<br>  gacchā<em>ma</em> (we go)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  karissā<em>ma</em> (we will do)<br>  gamissā<em>ma</em> (we will go)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  karo<em>ma</em> (we should do)<br>  gacchā<em>ma</em> (we should go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-maṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ṁ 1</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-mat</em>, <em>-mant</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="suffix">suf.</abbr><br>  pāpi<em>mant</em> (wicked, bad, esp. used as epithet of Māra, i.e. the Evil One, the wicked one)<br>  sati<em>mant</em> (mindful, the mindful)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-mataṁ, -matā, -mati, -mato</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see taṁ 1, -tā, -ti 1, -to 2</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-mantaṁ, -mantā, -mante, -manto</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ṁ 1, -ā 2, -e 1, 2, -o 1</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-mase</em> (<em>-amase</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  labhā<em>mase</em> (we receive)<br>  as<em>mase</em> (we are)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  labhā<em>mase</em> (we should receive)<br>  kubbā<em>mase</em> (we should do)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-mā</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ā 5</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-māna</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="present participle stem">ppr. stem.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>māna</em> (making)<br>  gaccha<em>māna</em> (going)<br>  labbha<em>māna</em> (receiving)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-mi</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  karo<em>mi</em> (I do)<br>  gacchā<em>mi</em> (I go)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  karissā<em>mi</em> (I will do)<br>  gamissā<em>mi</em> (I will go)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  karo<em>mi</em> (I should do)<br>  gacchā<em>mi</em> (I should go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-mhā</em> (<em>-amhā</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>mhā</em> (of the Buddha)<br>  phala<em>mhā</em> (of the fruit)<br>  ta<em>mhā</em> (by him, of which)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-mhi</em> (<em>-amhi</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>mhi</em> (at/near the Buddha)<br>  phala<em>mhi</em> (in the fruit)<br>  ta<em>mhi</em> (at/near him, thereby)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-mhe</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>mhe</em>, kubbā̆<em>mhe</em> (we do)<br>  labhā̆<em>mhe</em> (we receive)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  karissā<em>mhe</em> (we will do)<br>  labhissā<em>mhe</em> (we will receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ya</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="gerund">ger.</abbr><br>  kari<em>ya</em>, kiri<em>ya</em> (practicing asceticism)<br>  jāni<em>ya</em> (knowing)<br>  nisīdi<em>ya</em> (sitting)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="gerund stem">grd. stem.</abbr><br>  kāri<em>ya</em>, kayi<em>ra</em> (must work)<br>  vāk<em>ya</em> (be under discussion, the subject of debate)<br>  vaj<em>ja</em> (must be said)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ya-</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="passive stem">pass. stem.</abbr><br>  ñā<em>ya-</em> (be known)<br>  nī<em>ya-</em> (be performed)<br>  ḍayha-, ḍah<em>ya-</em> (be incinerated)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="denominative stem">denom. stem.</abbr><br>  namas<em>sa-</em> (=namas<em>ya-</em>) (to thank)<br>  tapas<em>sa-</em> (to practice asceticism)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-yaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  gāthā<em>yaṁ</em> (in the verse)<br>  jāti<em>yaṁ</em> (at birth)<br>  dhenu<em>yaṁ</em> (at/near the cow)<br>  mātu<em>yaṁ</em> (at/near the mother)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  si<em>yaṁ</em>, ass<em>aṁ</em> (as<em>yaṁ</em>) (I should be)<br>  daj<em>jaṁ</em> (dad<em>yaṁ</em>) (I should give)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-yā</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  jāti<em>yā</em> (by/at birth)<br>  dhenu<em>yā</em> (by the cow, at/near the cow)<br>  nadi<em>yā</em> (by/at the river)<br>  mātu<em>yā</em> (by the mother, at/near the mother)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  si<em>yā</em> (he wants to be)<br>  jāni<em>yā</em>, jañ<em>ñā</em> (he wants to know)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ye</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="optative">opt.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  kubba<em>ye</em> (he wants to do)<br>  āna<em>ye</em> (he wants to lead)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-raṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="accusative">acc.</abbr><br>  satthā̆<em>raṁ</em> (the teacher)<br>  pita<em>raṁ</em> (the father)<br>  māta<em>raṁ</em> (the mother)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-rā</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  satthā̆<em>rā</em> (by the teacher, from the teacher)<br>  pita<em>rā</em> (by/from the father)<br>  māta<em>rā</em> (by/from the mother)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ruṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  amañña<em>ruṁ</em> (they thought)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-re</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  labha<em>re</em> (they receive)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>re</em> (they will do)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  abajjha<em>re</em> (they bound)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-va, vaṁ</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -a, -aṁ</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-vat</em>,<em>-vant</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="suffix">suf.</abbr><br>  bhaga<em>vat</em> (the fortunate one)<br>  guṇa<em>vat</em> (the virtuous one, virtuous)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="suffix">suf.</abbr><br>  kata<em>vat</em> (having done)<br>  suta<em>vat</em> (having heard)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-vataṁ, -vatā, -vati, -vato</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -taṁ 1, -tā, -ti 1, -to 2</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-vhe</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kubbā̆<em>vhe</em> (you do)<br>  labha<em>vhe</em> (you receive)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>vhe</em> (you will do)<br>  labhissa<em>vhe</em> (you will receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-vho</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>vho</em> (you do!)<br>  labha<em>vho</em> (you receive!)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-saṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  āyu<em>saṁ</em> (to the/of the ages)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-sā</em></p> </td> <td> <p>-as, -us <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  mana<em>sā</em> (with the mind, from the mind)<br>  vaca<em>sā</em> (by the word, from the word)<br>  āyu<em>sā</em> (by the age, from the age)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-sānaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="pronoun">pron.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  te<em>sānaṁ</em> (them, their)<br>  tā<em>sānaṁ</em> (them, their)<br>  sabbe<em>sānaṁ</em>, sabbā<em>sānaṁ</em> (to all, of all)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-si</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr><br>  karo<em>si</em> (you do)<br>  kubba<em>si</em> (you do)<br>  labha<em>si</em> (you receive)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr><br>  arissa<em>si</em> (you will do)<br>  kāha<em>si</em> (you will do)<br>  labhissa<em>si</em> (you will receive)<br>  laccha<em>si</em> (you will receive)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  akā<em>si</em> (I/you/he made)<br>  cinte<em>si</em> (I/you/he thought)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-siṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  <em>a</em>kā<em>siṁ</em> (I made)<br>  cinte<em>siṁ</em> (I thought)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-sittha</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr><br>  <em>a</em>kā<em>sittha</em> (you made)<br>  <em>a</em>ho<em>sittha</em> (you were)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-simha</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  <em>a</em>ggahe<em>simha</em> (we kept)<br>  <em>a</em>dā<em>simha</em> (we gave)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-su</em> (<em>-esu</em>,<em> -āsu</em>, <em>-īsu</em>, <em>-ūsu</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  buddhe<em>su</em> (at/near the Buddhas)<br>  phale<em>su</em> (in the fruits)<br>  gāthā<em>su</em> (in the verses)<br>  nadī<em>su</em> (in the rivers)<br>  bhikkhū̆<em>su</em> (at/near the monks)<br>  te<em>su</em> (at/near them)<br>  tā<em>su</em> (at/near them)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-suṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="aorist">aor.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  akā<em>suṁ</em> (he made)<br>  ahe<em>suṁ</em> (he was)<br>  pucchi<em>suṁ</em> (he asked)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-se</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="present tense">pres.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>se</em> (you do)<br>  kubba<em>se</em> (you do)<br>  labha<em>se</em> (you receive)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  karissa<em>se</em> (you will do)<br>  labhissa<em>se</em> (you will receive)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-so, -aso, -uso</em></p> </td> <td> <p> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  mana<em>so</em> (to the mind, of the mind)<br>  vaca<em>so</em> (to the word, of the word)<br>  āyu<em>so</em> (to the age, of the age)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-smā</em> (<em>-asmā</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>smā</em> (by the Buddha)<br>  phala<em>smā</em> (by the fruit)<br>  ta<em>smā</em> (by him, thereby, therefore)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-smiṁ</em> (<em>-asmiṁ</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>smiṁ</em> (at/near the Buddha)<br>  phala<em>smiṁ</em> (in the fruit)<br>  ta<em>smiṁ</em> (at/near him, thereby)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em> -assa, -ssa</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  buddha<em>ssa</em> (to the Buddha, of the Buddha)<br>  phala<em>ssa</em> (to the fruit, of the fruit)<br>  ta<em>ssa</em> (to him, his)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="conditional"><abbr title="conditional">cond.</abbr></abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr><br>  akari<em>ssa</em> (if you/he made)<br>  abhavi<em>ssa</em> (if I were)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssa-</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="future stem">fut. stem.</abbr><br>  kari<em>ssa-</em> (will do)<br>  gami<em>ssa-</em> (will go)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssaṁ</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="pronoun">pron.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="locative">loc.</abbr><br>  ta<em>ssaṁ</em>, ti<em>ssaṁ</em> (at/near her)<br>  ka<em>ssaṁ</em> (at/near which women)<br>  sabba<em>ssaṁ</em> (at/near all women)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person singular">1sg.</abbr><br>  kari<em>ssaṁ</em>, ka<em>ssaṁ</em> (I will do)<br>  bhavi<em>ssaṁ</em>, he<em>ssaṁ</em> (I will be)</p> <p>3. <abbr title="conditional">cond.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  abhavi<em>ssaṁ</em> (if he were)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssaṁsu</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="conditional">cond.</abbr> <abbr title="third person plural">3pl.</abbr><br>  abhavi<em>ssaṁsu</em> (if they were)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssatha</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="second person plural">2pl.</abbr><br>  kari<em>ssatha</em> (you will do)<br>  bhavi<em>ssatha</em>, he<em>ssatha</em> (you will be)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="conditional">cond.</abbr> <abbr title="third person singular">3sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  <em>a</em>labhi<em>ssatha</em> (if he received)<br>  nibbatti<em>ssattha</em> (if he produced)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ssati, -ssanti, -ssasi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -ti, -nti, -si</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssā</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="pronoun">pron.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="singular">sg.</abbr> <abbr title="dative">dat.</abbr> <abbr title="genetive">gen.</abbr><br>  ta<em>ssā</em> (she, her)<br>  sabba<em>ssā</em> (all, of all)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssāma</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="future">fut.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  kari<em>ssāma</em> (we will do)<br>  bhavi<em>ssāma</em>, he<em>ssāma</em> (we will be)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="conditional">cond.</abbr> <abbr title="first person plural">1pl.</abbr><br>  āgami<em>ssāma</em> (if we came)<br>  <em>a</em>labhi<em>ssāma</em> (if he had received)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><i>-ssāmi</i></p> </td> <td> <p><i>see -mi</i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ssu</em></p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr> <abbr title="middle (attanopada)">mid.</abbr><br>  kuru<em>ssu</em> (you do!)<br>  kara<em>ssu</em> (you do!)<br>  labha<em>ssu</em> (you receive!)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-ha-</em>,<em> -hi-</em> (<em>-ssa-</em>)</p> </td> <td> <p><abbr title="future stem">fut. stem.</abbr><br>  kā<em>ha-</em> (will do)<br>  hā<em>ha-</em> (will laugh)<br>  he<em>hi-</em>, ho<em>hi-</em> (will be)<br>  hā<em>hi-</em> (will bear)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>-hi, -ehi, -āhi, -īhi, -ūhi</em></p> </td> <td> <p>1. <abbr title="masculine">m.</abbr> <abbr title="neuter">n.</abbr> <abbr title="feminine">f.</abbr> <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> <abbr title="instrumental">instr.</abbr> <abbr title="ablative">abl.</abbr><br>  buddhe<em>hi</em> (by/from the Buddhas)<br>  phale<em>hi</em> (by/from the fruits)<br>  gāthā<em>hi</em> (by/from the verses)<br>  nadī<em>hi</em> (by/from the rivers)<br>  bhikkhū̆<em>hi</em> (by/from the monks)<br>  te<em>hi</em>, tā<em>hi</em> (by/from them)</p> <p>2. <abbr title="imperative">imper.</abbr> <abbr title="second person singular">2sg.</abbr><br>  karo<em>hi</em> (you do!)<br>  labhā̆<em>hi</em> (you receive!)</p> </td> </tr> </table>